Features
Manufacturing reference articles in Features.
- Bend reliefs
Cuts that separate local bend regions: placement, dimensional references, CAD rules and fabrication acceptance.
- Blind holes
Non-through holes: usable bore and thread depth, drill-point geometry, remaining wall, chip evacuation and inspection requirements.
- Clearance fits
Calculating limit clearance, reading hole/shaft tolerance classes and preserving functional clearance through manufacture and service.
- Corner reliefs
Process-specific cutouts that provide clearance at sheet-metal bend intersections or machined internal corners.
- Counterbored holes
Cylindrical recesses with seating shoulders: fastener clearance, depth references, remaining material and machining acceptance.
- Countersunk holes
Specify conical fastener seats by angle, diameter, face and remaining material, with fabrication and inspection requirements.
- Cross holes
Intersecting-hole geometry, interrupted machining, internal edge acceptance and inspection for cross-drilled parts.
- Deep cavities
Designing machined cavities around tool reach, corner access, chip removal and the required finished geometry.
- Embossed features
Local sheet-metal forms: geometry, process distinctions, tooling limits and functional acceptance.
- Hems
Folded sheet-metal edges: hem styles, gap and return dimensions, forming constraints and finished-part acceptance.
- Internal pockets
Accessible recesses and cavities: tool access, corner and floor geometry, depth, remaining walls and functional inspection.
- Joggled flanges
Specifying local flange offsets for overlapping parts, with defined surfaces, runouts, tooling and assembly tolerances.
- Keyways
Shaft and hub slots for keyed connections: dimensions, fits, manufacturing access and separate strength checks.
- Knurled surfaces
Specify knurl pattern, pitch basis, process and finished envelope without confusing tool pitch with surface finish.
- Louvers
Formed sheet-metal ventilation features: geometry, forming access, airflow area and boundaries of performance claims.
- Press fits
Specifying interference joints through size limits, material response, assembly control and demonstrated retention.
- Reamed holes
Finished-hole requirements, reamer selection, pre-hole allowance and inspection boundaries.
- Splines
Shaft/hub spline geometry, fit, engagement and inspection, with bounded standard and catalogue references.
- Tapped holes
Internal thread requirements: callouts, cutting versus forming, pilot geometry, usable depth and inspection.
- Thin walls
Evaluating wall thickness with unsupported span, material, manufacturing process and final functional requirements.
- Through-holes
Holes that pass through the intended material: function, extent, breakthrough, edge condition and inspection.
- Transition fits
Fits permitting either clearance or interference: limit calculations, assembly consequences and inspection requirements.
- Undercuts
Recessed or overhung features: machining access, relief-groove callouts, molding release and inspection boundaries.
- Weld preparations
Defining joint edges, root geometry, cleanliness and fit-up without substituting a preparation sketch for a welding procedure.