Methods
Manufacturing reference articles in Methods.
- Bend testing
Selecting ductility, weld-bend, and flexural-property tests; controlling specimens, fixtures, measurements, and interpretation.
- Charpy impact testing
Notched-bar impact energy measurement, specimen and temperature controls, machine verification and acceptance limits.
- Color difference measurement
Comparing manufactured colors using specified color spaces, optical conditions, sampling methods and acceptance rules.
- Cross-cut adhesion testing
Coating separation ratings, method and cutter selection, tape controls, and limits of cross-cut test interpretation.
- Dye penetrant testing
Surface-breaking discontinuity detection: penetrant systems, cleaning and development controls, interpretation and reporting limits.
- Eddy-current testing
Electromagnetic inspection principles, probe and frequency selection, reference comparisons, coverage, and interpretation limits.
- First article inspection
Planning and documenting production-representative verification, characteristic accountability, change assessment and customer-specific release requirements.
- Gloss measurement
Specular gloss geometry, calibration, sampling and acceptance limits for manufactured surface inspection.
- Leak testing
Selecting leak-test methods, defining gas and pressure conditions, interpreting leak-rate units, and verifying system sensitivity.
- Magnetic particle testing
Ferromagnetic surface-discontinuity detection: field direction, magnetization routes, particle systems, process checks and interpretation.
- Metallographic examination
Planning, preparing and interpreting metallographic sections while controlling artifacts and measurement limits.
- Positive material identification
Selecting and interpreting XRF, OES, and LIBS checks of alloy composition without confusing a grade match with full material conformance.
- Pressure testing
Strength and leak testing: hydrostatic versus pneumatic media, test boundaries, measurement interpretation and specification-dependent acceptance.
- Pull-off adhesion testing
Measuring coating-system pull-off strength while controlling test geometry, preparation and failure interpretation.
- Radiographic testing
Selecting and interpreting industrial X-ray and gamma-ray examinations, with film and digital image-quality limits kept separate from product acceptance.
- Salt spray testing
Controlled corrosion exposure: NSS/AASS/CASS distinctions, specimen preparation, chamber verification and limits on interpreting test hours.
- Surface profilometry
Contact and optical surface-height measurement, with controls for sampling, filtering, calibration and interpretation.
- Tensile testing
Interpreting tensile strength, yield, modulus, and ductility with specimen geometry, strain measurement, rate, and acceptance conditions preserved.
- Ultrasonic testing
Sound-based inspection: technique selection, time-of-flight measurement, reference calibration, coverage and interpretation limits.
- Visual weld inspection
Planning and documenting visual examination of metallic fusion welds, with limits on access, measurement and acceptance.