Inspection

Related guides

• Choosing an EN 10204 inspection document

  Compare 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.2 documents and specify the evidence needed for a material delivery.

• Articulated-arm measuring machines

  Use portable coordinate measurement with explicit probe, alignment, performance-test, environment, and task-specific uncertainty boundaries.

• Blade micrometers

  Measuring restricted external features with blade contacts, including access, force, setting and uncertainty limits.

• Bore gauges

  Selecting, mastering and interpreting bore gauges for internal diameter checks without confusing resolution, local size and bore form.

• Brinell hardness testers

  Measure a ball indentation using a defined force and dwell, with specimen preparation, optical measurement, and verification matched to the test method.

• Coating thickness gauges

  Selecting magnetic, eddy-current and ultrasonic coating measurements, with substrate effects, adjustment and reporting limits.

• Coordinate measuring machines

  CMM coordinate measurements, machine and sensor variants, alignment, performance specifications and task-specific uncertainty.

• Depth micrometers

  Selecting and setting depth micrometers, interpreting interchangeable rods and controlling reference-surface and measurement errors.

• Dial indicators

  Use plunger and lever indicators with controlled alignment, contact force, mounting, and verification, and interpret runout within its setup.

• Digital calipers

  Outside, inside, depth and step measurements, with contact geometry, setting, calibration and uncertainty limits.

• Gauge blocks

  Gauge block length, wringing, materials, grade limits, thermal behavior, calibration uncertainty and traceability.

• Height gauges

  Using height gauges with controlled references, appropriate contacts and realistic limits on feature measurement and uncertainty.

• Inside micrometers

  Selecting, setting, and interpreting two-point, three-point, and extension-type internal micrometers.

• Laser scan micrometers

  Non-contact shadow measurements, with measuring-region, scan-rate, averaging and calibration limits.

• Laser scanners

  Selecting and validating laser scanning systems for dimensional inspection, with clear limits on density, surface response, registration and uncertainty.

• Optical comparators

  Profile-projector illumination, screen and stage measurement, calibration, and application limits.

• Optical emission spectrometers

  Elemental analysis by spark and plasma emission, with sample preparation, matrix calibration and reporting limits.

• Optical flats

  Using optical flats to compare polished surfaces, interpret interference fringes and control reference, support and uncertainty limits.

• Outside micrometers

  Outside micrometer measurement chains, reading scales, contact geometry, force, thermal effects, and the limits of calibration evidence.

• Pin gauges

  Selecting and using cylindrical pin gauges for limit checks, size estimates, and dimensional setups.

• Rockwell hardness testers

  Depth-based hardness measurement, scale selection, specimen support and verification of Rockwell testing systems.

• Roundness measuring instruments

  Selecting and using roundness instruments with controlled alignment, profile evaluation, filtering and realistic uncertainty limits.

• Shore hardness testers

  Durometer scale selection, specimen and timing controls, verification, and limits on interpreting Shore hardness.

• Structured-light scanners

  Optical triangulation, acquisition and registration controls, performance specifications, and limits of inspection meshes.

• Surface plates

  Precision reference planes: overall and local flatness, grade selection, support, loading and calibration.

• Surface roughness testers

  Selecting surface-texture instruments and reporting roughness with controlled parameters, filtering, trace geometry and uncertainty.

• Test indicators

  Lever-type indicator selection, stylus and angle effects, comparative measurement, and interpretation limits.

• Thread micrometers

  External-thread pitch-diameter measurement, with matched contacts, setting references and limits of thread acceptance.

• Thread plug gauges

  Selecting and using internal-thread limit gauges with standard-specific acceptance rules, separate dimensional checks and controlled gauge condition.

• Thread ring gauges

  Selecting and interpreting external-thread limit gauges, setting adjustable rings, and controlling wear and inspection conditions.

• Tube micrometers

  Contact measurement of tube-wall thickness, including anvil geometry, bore access, force and verification limits.

• Ultrasonic thickness gauges

  Pulse-echo thickness measurement, material and probe calibration, coating modes, and interpretation of remaining-wall readings.

• Vernier calipers

  Reading vernier calipers and controlling jaw geometry, measuring technique, mode-specific errors and calibration limits.

• Vickers hardness testers

  Optical indentation hardness measurement: force selection, specimen preparation, diagonal reading and verification.

• Vision measuring systems

  Camera-based coordinate measurement, lighting and edge strategy, autofocus, performance specifications, and application qualification.

• XRF analyzers

  Using X-ray fluorescence for material inspection with controlled calibration, surface preparation, detection limits and radiation handling.

• Bend testing

  Selecting ductility, weld-bend, and flexural-property tests; controlling specimens, fixtures, measurements, and interpretation.

• Charpy impact testing

  Notched-bar impact energy measurement, specimen and temperature controls, machine verification and acceptance limits.

• Color difference measurement

  Comparing manufactured colors using specified color spaces, optical conditions, sampling methods and acceptance rules.

• Cross-cut adhesion testing

  Coating separation ratings, method and cutter selection, tape controls, and limits of cross-cut test interpretation.

• Dye penetrant testing

  Surface-breaking discontinuity detection: penetrant systems, cleaning and development controls, interpretation and reporting limits.

• Eddy-current testing

  Electromagnetic inspection principles, probe and frequency selection, reference comparisons, coverage, and interpretation limits.

• First article inspection

  Planning and documenting production-representative verification, characteristic accountability, change assessment and customer-specific release requirements.

• Gloss measurement

  Specular gloss geometry, calibration, sampling and acceptance limits for manufactured surface inspection.

• Leak testing

  Selecting leak-test methods, defining gas and pressure conditions, interpreting leak-rate units, and verifying system sensitivity.

• Magnetic particle testing

  Ferromagnetic surface-discontinuity detection: field direction, magnetization routes, particle systems, process checks and interpretation.

• Metallographic examination

  Planning, preparing and interpreting metallographic sections while controlling artifacts and measurement limits.

• Positive material identification

  Selecting and interpreting XRF, OES, and LIBS checks of alloy composition without confusing a grade match with full material conformance.

• Pressure testing

  Strength and leak testing: hydrostatic versus pneumatic media, test boundaries, measurement interpretation and specification-dependent acceptance.

• Pull-off adhesion testing

  Measuring coating-system pull-off strength while controlling test geometry, preparation and failure interpretation.

• Radiographic testing

  Selecting and interpreting industrial X-ray and gamma-ray examinations, with film and digital image-quality limits kept separate from product acceptance.

• Salt spray testing

  Controlled corrosion exposure: NSS/AASS/CASS distinctions, specimen preparation, chamber verification and limits on interpreting test hours.

• Surface profilometry

  Contact and optical surface-height measurement, with controls for sampling, filtering, calibration and interpretation.

• Tensile testing

  Interpreting tensile strength, yield, modulus, and ductility with specimen geometry, strain measurement, rate, and acceptance conditions preserved.

• Ultrasonic testing

  Sound-based inspection: technique selection, time-of-flight measurement, reference calibration, coverage and interpretation limits.

• Visual weld inspection

  Planning and documenting visual examination of metallic fusion welds, with limits on access, measurement and acceptance.

• Calibration intervals

  Setting and reviewing recalibration schedules using measurement needs, drift, usage, checks, and consequences rather than a universal annual rule.

• Cp process capability

  Tolerance-to-spread ratio, estimation assumptions, within versus overall variation and limits on interpreting capability.

• Cpk process capability

  Centering-sensitive capability, within versus overall variation, one-sided limits, confidence bounds and interpretation.

• Gauge repeatability and reproducibility

  Designing and interpreting Gage R&R studies without confusing precision, bias, variance percentages and tolerance consumption.

• Guard bands in conformity assessment

  Separating specification and acceptance limits, selecting uncertainty-aware decision rules, and interpreting false-accept and false-reject risks.

• Instrument resolution

  Display increments, effective discrimination, quantization uncertainty and practical limits on selecting measurement equipment.

• Measurement bias

  Estimating systematic measurement offsets against references, with controls for correction, range, uncertainty and decision use.

• Measurement decision rules

  Choosing, agreeing, applying, and reporting uncertainty-aware conformity decisions without confusing a measured result with acceptance.

• Measurement repeatability

  Precision under defined short-term conditions, repeatability study design, standard-deviation estimation and uncertainty limits.

• Measurement reproducibility

  Evaluating precision under changed measurement conditions, with clear study boundaries, variance models and uncertainty limits.

• Measurement traceability

  Connecting measurement results to stated references through calibration chains, uncertainties, competent services, and controls during use.

• Measurement uncertainty

  Measurement models, Type A/B evaluation, combined and expanded uncertainty, worked budgets and conformity decisions.

• Pp process performance

  Interpreting Pp as specification width relative to overall process spread, with centering, sampling and distribution limits.

• Ppk process performance

  Calculating and interpreting overall process performance with representative data, explicit variation estimators, distribution checks, and uncertainty about the index.

• Reference standards

  Metrological reference and working standards, certified reference materials, traceability, certificate interpretation and continued validity.

• Sampling length in surface measurement

  Separating legacy sampling lengths, ISO 21920 evaluation and section lengths, filter scales and digital point spacing.

• Surface roughness cutoff length

  Interpreting profile-filter settings, legacy sampling lengths, ISO 21920 nesting indices, and evaluation lengths without assuming a universal cutoff.