# Sheet metal

Manufacturing reference articles in Sheet metal.

[Manufacturing Wiki](https://planar.so/wiki/index.md)

- [Countersink forming tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/countersink-forming-tools.md): Formed and coined sheet-metal countersinks, their distinction from cutting and dimpling, and geometry-dependent tooling limits.
- [Embossing tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/embossing-tools.md): Sheet-metal embossing tools, formed relief and marking variants, geometry limits, and tooling clearance during punch-press processing.
- [Extrusion forming tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/extrusion-forming-tools.md): Sheet-metal hole extrusions, pilot-hole and collar geometry, cut versus formed threads, and manufacturer-specific height limits.
- [Gooseneck punches](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/gooseneck-punches.md): Return-flange clearance, throat geometry, mounting interfaces and manufacturer-specific load limits for press-brake gooseneck punches.
- [Hemming dies](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/hemming-dies.md): Press-brake hemming stages, flat/open/teardrop profiles, tool variants and product-specific load limits.
- [Louver forming tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/louver-forming-tools.md): Cut-and-form louver tooling, single-hit and continuous versions, material-specific geometry limits, and sheet-motion clearance.
- [Offset bending tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/offset-bending-tools.md): Z-bend geometry, press-brake insert systems, progressive offset forming and manufacturer-specific limits.
- [Press-brake crowning systems](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/press-brake-crowning-systems.md): Beam-deflection compensation, mechanical and hydraulic crowning, local alignment, and the distinction between correction travel and bend-angle accuracy.
- [Punch dies](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/punch-dies.md): Sheet-metal punch-press dies, total versus per-side clearance, slug control and product-specific maintenance limits.
- [Punch strippers](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/punch-strippers.md): Punch stripping, sheet hold-down, guided tooling, aperture clearance, and the distinction between cutting and return-stroke forces.
- [Radius bending punches](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/radius-bending-punches.md): Large-radius press-brake punches, insert systems, springback, multi-breakage and bounded die-opening relationships.
- [Rotary bending dies](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/rotary-bending-dies.md): Rocker benders and rotating V-dies, moving contact, overbend, short-flange support and manufacturer-specific application limits.
- [Slitting tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/slitting-tools.md): Punch-press slitting and parting tools, overlapping hits, side loads, guided tooling and edge-quality limits.
- [Turret-punch multi-tools](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/turret-punch-multi-tools.md): Multi-tool station capacity, punch selection versus angle indexing, envelope limits, off-center tool geometry, and manufacturer-specific compatibility.
- [Urethane bending pads](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/urethane-bending-pads.md): Deflecting polyurethane pads, V-die inserts, protective film, retained-pad geometry and load limits in press-brake bending.
- [V-dies](https://planar.so/wiki/tooling/sheet-metal/v-dies.md): V-die opening, groove angle and shoulder radius; bending-mode differences; and the tradeoffs among flange support, radius, load and mounting.