# Heat treatment

Manufacturing reference articles in Heat treatment.

[Manufacturing Wiki](https://planar.so/wiki/index.md)

- [Annealing](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/annealing.md): Choosing and specifying annealing by alloy, starting condition, metallurgical objective, thermal history, atmosphere, and verified output condition.
- [Austempering](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/austempering.md): Isothermal heat treatment of steels and ductile irons, with distinct microstructures, section-size limits and qualification requirements.
- [Carbonitriding](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/carbonitriding.md): Austenitic carbon-and-nitrogen case hardening, with material selection, atmosphere control, quenching and case-depth acceptance boundaries.
- [Carburizing](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/carburizing.md): Carbon diffusion and subsequent hardening, with route, core response and finished-case acceptance boundaries.
- [Cryogenic treatment](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/cryogenic-treatment.md): Subzero processing of metals: retained-austenite transformation, dimensional stabilization, deep-cryogenic claims, treatment sequence, and application-specific qualification.
- [Flame hardening](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/flame-hardening.md): Localized transformation hardening with material, geometry, quench, tempering and finished-depth requirements defined together.
- [Gas nitriding](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/gas-nitriding.md): Nitrogen diffusion hardening with distinct compound-layer, diffusion-zone, core-property and dimensional acceptance requirements.
- [Induction hardening](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/induction-hardening.md): Selective transformation hardening, with coil and quench qualification, pattern requirements and depth inspection.
- [Martempering](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/martempering.md): Martempering or marquenching: temperature equalization before martensitic transformation, alloy and section limits, subsequent tempering, and dimensional qualification.
- [Nitrocarburizing](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/nitrocarburizing.md): Ferritic nitrocarburizing systems, compound and diffusion layers, post-treatment choices and grade-specific acceptance.
- [Normalizing](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/normalizing.md): Austenitizing and air cooling of suitable steels, with starting-condition, section-size, delivery-route and acceptance boundaries.
- [Plasma nitriding](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/plasma-nitriding.md): Plasma-assisted nitrogen diffusion, process variants, layer requirements and component-specific acceptance.
- [Precipitation aging](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/precipitation-aging.md): Precipitation strengthening by controlled aging: incoming condition, solution treatment and cooling, natural versus artificial aging, tradeoffs, and acceptance across alloy families.
- [Quench hardening](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/quench-hardening.md): Selecting and qualifying steel austenitizing, quenching and tempering with section-size, microstructure and final-property limits.
- [Solution heat treatment](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/solution-heat-treatment.md): Alloy-specific dissolution, cooling and subsequent-condition requirements, with separate solution, aging and acceptance controls.
- [Stress relieving](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/stress-relieving.md): Residual-stress reduction, material-condition limits, machining sequence and verification of thermal and mechanical treatments.
- [Tempering](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/tempering.md): Tempering hardened steel: microstructural changes, strength and toughness, retained austenite, secondary hardening, embrittlement, and qualified treatment sequences.
- [Vacuum heat treatment](https://planar.so/wiki/processes/heat-treatment/vacuum-heat-treatment.md): Vacuum as a controlled processing environment, with material-specific thermal cycles, heating and quench configurations, surface control and acceptance.